The spread of the Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) is one of the most impressive range expansions to occur in North America during the 20th century. The U.S. breeding range was limited to southernmost Texas in 1900 (Ridgway 1902), but a century later, Great-tailed Grackles breed in 19 states, from Arkansas in the East, north to Minnesota, and west to California and Oregon (Dinsmore and Dinsmore 1993; Scheuering and Ivey 1995; Price 1997; Granlund 1999), with sightings in Washington, British Columbia, Montana, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Ontario (Dinsmore and Dinsmore 1993; Granlund 1999).