In the family Cardinalidae, the prealternate molt varies in extent from none in the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) to including all secondary coverts, three tertials (secondaries 7–9), and four central rectrices in the Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea; Pyle 1997a, b). But replacement of primaries during the prealternate molt has not been documented within the family. In fact, in North American landbirds as a whole, replacement of primaries during definitive prealternate molt is rare, so far documented only in the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia), Nelson’s Sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni), Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria; Pyle 1997a, Willoughby 2007, Pyle and Kayhart 2010). Pyle and Kayhart (2010) postulated that prealternate molt originally evolved from the need to replace bleached and dysfunctional feathers, and that colorful alternate plumage is a result of subsequent sexual selection. Here, we present evidence from a wild living Indigo Bunting for an eccentric definitive prealternate molt in which outer but not inner primaries are replaced (Pyle 1997b, 1998).