In their discussion of the Northern Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus), Bailey and Niedrach (1965:507) stated: “This species, with the Downy [Picoides pubescens] and Hairy [P. villosus] Woodpeckers, was a great help in the preservation of the forests in western Colorado threatened by the destructive bark beetles in 1939.” They went on to quote a statement by Noel D. Wygant regarding this event: “In some of the large outbreak centers, woodpeckers built up a population as heavy as a pair per acre.”