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Articles

Vol. 10 No. 2 (1979)

NOTES: SOUTHERN RACE OF XANTUS’ MURRELET BREEDING ON SANTA BARBARA ISLAND, CALIFORNIA

Submitted
September 3, 2025
Published
April 1, 1979

Abstract

We report here the first breeding record of the southern race of Xantus’ Murrelet (Endomychura hypoleuca hypoleuca) north of the San Benitos Islands, central Baja California. Two well-marked subspecies of this small black and white alcid, differing in size and facial plumage, were first described by Green and Arnold (1939) and further investigated by Jehl and Bond (1975). The northern race (E. h. scrippsi) breeds from San Miguel Island off the California coast to the San Benitos Islands off Baja California; this form is characterized by an entirely dark facial pattern (Classes “3” and “4”, Jehl and Bond 1975:13) in which the white throat and face feathers do not extend all the way up to the eye. Murrelets of the southern race (E. h. hypoleuca) have whiter facial patterns (Classes “0” and “1”) “in which the white of the face extends up in front of (and occasionally over) the eye, and onto the ear coverts...” (Jehl and Bond 1975:15). Prior to this record, this subspecies had been known to breed only on Guadalupe and the San Benitos islands.

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