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Articles

Vol. 46 No. 1 (2015)

GOLDEN EAGLE MORTALITY AT A WIND-ENERGY FACILITY NEAR PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21199/WB46.1.8
Submitted
September 20, 2025
Published
January 1, 2015

Abstract

Wind-energy development is proceeding rapidly worldwide, including in the United States. Yet we still know rather little about the direct and indirect (Katzner et al. 2013) environmental effects of renewable-energy development and operation (Hernandez et al. 2014), especially the negative effects on wildlife (Lovich and Ennen 2011, 2013). Birds and bats are particularly sensitive (Kuvlesky et al. 2007) through collisions with turbines and other equipment (Cohn 2008). Loss et al. (2013) suggested that 140,000–328,000 birds are killed annually by monopole turbines in the United States. On the basis of an installed capacity of 51,630 MW of energy in 2012, Smallwood (2013) estimated the annual fatality in the United States at 888,000 bats and 573,000 birds, including 83,000 raptors.

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